India Signs 15-Year Deep-Sea Mining Exploration Deal with International Seabed Authority – 20 September 2025
India secures a 15-year contract with the International Seabed Authority to explore polymetallic sulphides in the Indian Ocean, boosting its global deep-sea mining leadership.
Raja Awais Ali
9/20/20251 min read
India Signs Landmark Deep-Sea Mining Exploration Deal with International Seabed Authority
On 20 September 2025, India finalized a landmark 15-year agreement with the International Seabed Authority (ISA) granting it exclusive rights to explore polymetallic sulphides (PMS) in the Carlsberg Ridge area of the Indian Ocean. With this accord, India becomes the first nation to hold two ISA contracts for PMS exploration, strengthening its leadership in global deep-sea resource development.
India’s Minister of State for Earth Sciences, Dr. Jitendra Singh, confirmed that the deal covers a 10,000-square-kilometre zone under the country’s Deep Ocean Mission, which focuses on mineral exploration, development of undersea mining technology, and expansion of India’s blue-economy initiatives.
Polymetallic sulphides are rich in copper, zinc, silver, gold, and platinum—critical metals for clean-energy technologies, electronics, and high-tech manufacturing. These mineral deposits form near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor and are viewed as key to meeting the world’s rising demand for renewable-energy components and advanced industrial materials.
India has been working with the ISA for nearly 30 years, and this long-standing collaboration earned it recognition as a 'Pioneer Investor' in seabed exploration.". While the agreement is expected to boost India’s economic and technological ambitions, environmental experts continue to raise concerns about the ecological impact of large-scale deep-sea mining. International debate on protective regulations and sustainable practices remains active, with several countries advocating strict safeguards.
The new contract highlights India’s strategic intent to balance economic growth with environmental responsibility. By advancing deep-sea exploration while participating in global conservation discussions, India positions itself as a key player in the responsible use of marine resources, ensuring access to vital minerals essential for the future of clean energy and modern industry.